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Abstract. Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection (ARI), which is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma. This disease is mostly caused by microorganisms (viruses, bacteria). The bacteria that commonly cause pneumonia are Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus Influenzae, and Staphylococcus Aureus. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of pneumonia patients in children under five who were treated at the Al-Ihsan Regional Hospital, Bandung Regency from January 2018 to December 2019. The research method used was a descriptive study by looking at the medical record data for under-five pneumonia patients aged 0-5 years at the RSUD. Al-Ihsan Bandung Regency in 2018-2019 which met the exclusion inclusion criteria. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively by calculating the percentage of the predetermined variables, namely age, gender, clinical symptoms, supporting examinations, length of treatment, and therapy. The results showed that the number of pneumonia cases hospitalized was more in under five, namely as many as 83 people (58.87%), based on gender, the most was male, namely 26 people (53.1%), with the most age range in the group. aged 0-1 years, namely 33 people (67.3%) with a length of treatment> 5 days in 30 people (61.2%). The most common symptom was fever in 42 people (85.71%). The results of chest X-rays showed the presence of pulmonary infiltrate at most in 46 people (93.88%) and on the supporting examination found that the leukocytes were still within normal limits in 35 people (71.43%). Based on the therapy given, the most frequent therapy given to patients was the cephalosporin class of antibiotics as many as 31 people (63%). The conclusion of this study is that the highest frequency is at the age of 0-1 years, male, length of stay> 5 days, there is fever, infiltrates on chest X-rays, normal leukocytes, antibiotics that are often used are cephalosporins.Key Words: characteristics of pneumonia, children under five, pneumoniaAbstrak. Pneumonia adalah penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) yang berupa inflamasi yang mengenai parenkim paru. Penyakit ini sebagian besar disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme (virus,bakteri). Bakteri yang pada umumnya sering menyebabkan pneumonia adalah Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus Influenzae, dan Staphylococcus Aureus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik pasien pneumonia pada balita yang dirawat di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung periode Januari 2018 sampai Desember 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa studi deskriptif secara potong lintang pada tahun 2018-2019. Data yang disajikan meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, gejala klinis, pemeriksaan penunjang, lama perawatan , dan terapi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan jumlah kasus pneumonia yang dirawat inap lebih banyak pada balita yaitu sebanyak 83 orang (58,87%), berdasarkan jenis kelamin paling banyak pada laki laki yaitu sebanyak 26 orang (53,1%) , dengan rentang usia paling banyak pada kelompok usia 0-1 tahun yaitu 33 orang (67,3%) dengan lama perawatan >5 hari pada 30 orang (61,2%). Gejala yang paling sering ditunjukan yaitu demam pada 42 orang (85,71%). Hasil pemeriksaan rontgen thorax paling banyak menunjukkan adanya infiltrate paru pada 46 orang (93,88%) dan pada pemeriksaan penunjang ditemukan leukosit masih dalam batas normal pada 35 orang (71,43%) . Berdasarkan terapi yang diberikan, terapi yang paling sering diberikan pada pasien adalah antibiotik golongan sefalosporin yaitu sebanyak 31 orang (63%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu frekuensi tertinggi terjadi pada usia 0-1 tahun, laki laki, lama perawatan >5 hari, terdapat demam, infiltrat di pemeriksaan rontgen thorax, leukosit normal, antibiotic yang sering digunakan adalah golongan sefalosporin.Kata Kunci: anak balita, karakteristik pneumonia , pneumonia |
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